Article 129

The following are deemed unfair competition:

1. 1.Making an untrue statement against a competitor that results in the loss of, reduction of, or damage to confidence in his economic enterprise, goods, or industrial and commercial activities.
2. 2.An act that results in creating similarity between one's own goods and services and the goods and services of a competitor, provided that it is of such a nature as to mislead consumers.
3. 3.False or misleading advertising, and any provision of information or creation of a false impression that misleads the public as to the nature of products and their quality, such as the constituent materials of the goods, their period of validity and origin, method of manufacture, amount or quantity, and availability for use of the products.
4. 4.Misleading comparative advertising by a competitor that causes injury to the reputation and standing of the goods, services, or economic activities of the competitor.
5. 5.Advertising that does not distinguish between the original goods and goods produced under an exploitation license that do not have the quality of the original goods.
6. 6.Any collusion to increase or decrease the price of goods and services carried out for the purpose of eliminating competitors.

Note — An expert opinion issued by a specialized authority within the limits of its legal competence concerning goods or services is not an instance of unfair competition.